Industry Description
This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in commercial printing (except screen printing, books printing) without publishing (except grey goods printing). The printing processes used in this industry include, but are not limited to, lithographic, gravure, flexographic, letterpress, engraving, and various digital printing technologies. This industry includes establishments engaged in commercial printing on purchased stock materials, such as stationery, invitations, labels, and similar items, on a job-order basis. Establishments primarily engaged in traditional printing activities combined with document photocopying services (i.e., quick printers) or primarily engaged in printing graphical materials using digital printing equipment are included in this industry.
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--
Business Examples
Common types of business activities within NAICS 323111 - Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books are:
- Job printing, lithographic (except books)
- Printing, flexographic (except books, grey goods)
- Commercial digital printing (except books)
- Scholastic magazines and periodicals commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Posters commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Unit set forms (e.g., manifold credit card slips) printing
- Cards (e.g., business, greeting, playing, postcards, trading) commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Radio guides commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Trade magazines and periodicals commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Job printing, offset (except books)
- Radio schedules commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Labels, commercial printing (except screen), on a job-order basis
- Intaglio printing (except books)
- Quick printing (except books)
- Shipping registers commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Sheet music commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Databases commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Music, sheet, commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Comic books commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Albums (e.g., photo, scrap) and refills manufacturing
- Print shops, quick (except printing books)
- Offset printing (except books, grey goods)
- Checkbooks and refills printing
- Sales books, manifold, printing
- Newsletters commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Technical magazines and periodicals commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Commercial flexographic printing (except books)
- Commercial lithographic (offset) printing (except books)
- Time planners/organizers and refills manufacturing
- Manifold business forms printing
- Periodicals commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Newspapers commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Commercial engraving printing (except books)
- Business forms commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Rotogravure printing (except books)
- Professional magazines and periodicals commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Discount coupon books commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Greeting cards (e.g., birthday, holiday, sympathy) commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Telephone directories commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Yearbooks commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Books, sales, manifold, printing
- Job printing (except screen, books)
- Television guides commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Atlases commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Photo albums and refills manufacturing
- Advertising materials (e.g., coupons, flyers) commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Instant printing (i.e., quick printing) (except books)
- Credit and identification card imprinting, embossing, and encoding
- Lithographic printing (except books, grey goods)
- Guides, street map, commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Digital printing (e.g., billboards, other large format graphic materials, high resolution) (except books)
- Catalogs of collections commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Catalogs commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Flexographic printing (except books, grey goods)
- Printing manifold business forms
- Gravure printing (except books, grey goods)
- Religious magazines and periodicals commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Printing, photo-offset (except books, grey goods)
- Print shops, flexographic (except printing books)
- Printing apparel (except screen printing)
- Patterns and plans (e.g., clothing patterns) commercial printing (except blueprinting, screen) without publishing
- Printing, quick (except books, grey goods)
- Commercial quick printing (except books)
- Address lists commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Print shops, digital (except printing books)
- Juvenile magazines and periodicals commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Computer forms (manifold or continuous) printing
- Racetrack programs commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Trade journals commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Stationery, commercial printing (except screen), on a job-order basis
- Print shops, engraving (except printing books)
- Agricultural magazines and periodicals commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Globe covers and maps commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Print shops, letterpress (except printing books)
- Job printing, engraving (except books)
- Racing forms commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Appointment books and refills manufacturing
- Printing, engraving, on paper products
- Job printing, letterpress (except books)
- Commercial letterpress printing (except books)
- Looseleaf binders and devices manufacturing
- Art prints commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Job printing, gravure (except books)
- Postcards commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Diaries manufacturing
- Scrapbooks and refills manufacturing
- Calendars commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Job printing, flexographic (except books)
- Business directories commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Print shops, gravure (except printing books)
- Printing, digital (e.g., billboards, other large format graphical materials, high resolution) (except books, grey goods)
- Scholarly journals commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Blankbooks and refills manufacturing
- Magazines and periodicals commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Hydrographic printing
- Business forms, manifold, printing
- Print shops, lithographic (offset) (except printing books)
- Printing, letterpress (except books, grey goods)
- Commercial gravure printing (except books)
- Financial magazines and periodicals commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Maps commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
- Printing, lithographic (except books, grey goods)
- Printing, gravure (except books, grey goods)
- Commercial printing (except screen, books)
- Directories commercial printing (except screen) without publishing
IBISWorld Industry Research Report
Printing in the US (32311)
Revenue 2025
$86.6bn
Growth 2025
-3.80%
Key Trends
The increased prevalence of e-commerce has hurt printers
Newspaper and magazine subscriptions are an important indicator of demand
Digital media's rapid growth will adversely affect print periodicals' circulation
Products and Services
Similar Industries
For some business types, there may be a similar industry to 323111 - Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books that is a better classification match. Establishments primarily engaged in:
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NAICS Cross Reference
Printing on grey goods--are classified in Industry 313310, Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills;
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NAICS Cross Reference
Manufacturing printed stationery, invitations, labels, and similar items--are classified in Subsector 322, Paper Manufacturing;
IBISWorld industry research report
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NAICS Cross Reference
Screen printing on purchased stock materials (except books, grey goods, and manifold business forms)--are classified in U.S. Industry 323113, Commercial Screen Printing;
IBISWorld industry research report
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NAICS Cross Reference
Printing books and pamphlets--are classified in U.S. Industry 323117, Books Printing;
IBISWorld industry research report
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NAICS Cross Reference
Printing and publishing, known as publishers--are classified in Subsector 511, Publishing Industries (except Internet).
IBISWorld industry research report
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NAICS Cross Reference
Providing photocopying service on photocopy equipment without performing traditional printing activities--are classified in U.S. Industry 561439, Other Business Service Centers (including Copy Shops); and
IBISWorld industry research report
NAICS Hierarchy 323111 - Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books
NAICS Code 323111 - Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books sits in the 2-digit Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books sector. NAICS codes can be 2- to 6-digits and the further along the hierarchy, the more detailed and specific the category will be. Learn more about the structure of NAICS codes
2 Digits: 31-33
Sector Title: Manufacturing
3 Digits 4 Digits 5 Digits 6 Digits
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3211 Sawmills and Wood Preservation
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32111 Sawmills and Wood Preservation
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3212 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing
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32121 Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing
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3219 Other Wood Product Manufacturing
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32191 Millwork
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32192 Wood Container and Pallet Manufacturing
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32199 All Other Wood Product Manufacturing
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3221 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills
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32211 Pulp Mills
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32212 Paper Mills
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32213 Paperboard Mills
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3222 Converted Paper Product Manufacturing
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32221 Paperboard Container Manufacturing
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32222 Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing
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32223 Stationery Product Manufacturing
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32229 Other Converted Paper Product Manufacturing
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3231 Printing and Related Support Activities
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32311 Printing
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32312 Support Activities for Printing
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3241 Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing
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32411 Petroleum Refineries
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32412 Asphalt Paving, Roofing, and Saturated Materials Manufacturing
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32419 Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing
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3251 Basic Chemical Manufacturing
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32511 Petrochemical Manufacturing
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32512 Industrial Gas Manufacturing
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32513 Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing
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32518 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
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32519 Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
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3252 Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing
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32521 Resin and Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing
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32522 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing
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3253 Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
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32531 Fertilizer Manufacturing
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32532 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
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3254 Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing
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32541 Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing
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3255 Paint, Coating, and Adhesive Manufacturing
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32551 Paint and Coating Manufacturing
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32552 Adhesive Manufacturing
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3256 Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing
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32561 Soap and Cleaning Compound Manufacturing
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32562 Toilet Preparation Manufacturing
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3259 Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
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32591 Printing Ink Manufacturing
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32592 Explosives Manufacturing
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32599 All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
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3261 Plastics Product Manufacturing
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32611 Plastics Packaging Materials and Unlaminated Film and Sheet Manufacturing
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32612 Plastics Pipe, Pipe Fitting, and Unlaminated Profile Shape Manufacturing
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32613 Laminated Plastics Plate, Sheet (except Packaging), and Shape Manufacturing
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32614 Polystyrene Foam Product Manufacturing
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32615 Urethane and Other Foam Product (except Polystyrene) Manufacturing
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32616 Plastics Bottle Manufacturing
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32619 Other Plastics Product Manufacturing
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3262 Rubber Product Manufacturing
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32621 Tire Manufacturing
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32622 Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting Manufacturing
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32629 Other Rubber Product Manufacturing
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3271 Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing
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32711 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing
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32712 Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing
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3272 Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing
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3273 Cement and Concrete Product Manufacturing
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32731 Cement Manufacturing
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32732 Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing
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32733 Concrete Pipe, Brick, and Block Manufacturing
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32739 Other Concrete Product Manufacturing
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3274 Lime and Gypsum Product Manufacturing
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32741 Lime Manufacturing
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32742 Gypsum Product Manufacturing
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3279 Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing
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32791 Abrasive Product Manufacturing
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32799 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing
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Similar Industries Niche and Emerging
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NAICS Resources
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